Arts of the Contact Zone Essay - 1167 Words

Mary Louise Pratt wrote the essay â€Å"Arts of the Contact Zone† with the purpose of explaining that society would benefit if people were exposed to and understood the concept of â€Å"contact zones†. She refers to contact zones as social spaces where cultures meet and clash with each other, usually with one culture being dominant over the other. A person living in a contact zone is exposed to two different cultures, two different languages, and as a result is presented with a struggle in each culture to maintain themselves. From being surrounded by several different cultures, people begin to integrate the concept of transculturation—a process in which subordinate cultures evolve by taking things from dominant, more advanced cultures, and make it†¦show more content†¦Within a single culture there are differences based on religion, politics, nationality, race, and ideology that go largely unassumed by its members. This leads to people defining others in ways that are entirely inaccurate. Members of these imagined communities who live without their identities being recognized by the larger majority are very similar to the subordinate, more â€Å"primitive† cultures that exist in the world in the sense that most of the time, they go unacknowledged by larger, more advanced powers. When these subsidiary entities are unable to make themselves known, they simply become easily influenced by higher powers since they tend to become â€Å"a quiescent, ignorant, manipulable electorate† (Pratt, 510). It is vital that these marginalized peoples learn to make themselves heard, for there are many principles and ideas that can be learnt from them. Another relationship Pratt says exists between cultures is the concept of transculturation. Transculturation, she states, is a process in which â€Å"members of subordinated or marginal groups select and invent from materials transmitted by a dominant or metropolitan culture† and tra nsform it to fir their own principles by giving it a cultural makeover (Pratt, 505). But why is it necessary for transculturation to be performed by secondary, inferior cultures? It can be argued that different types of people can learn and adapt things from each other even if the distribution of power between them is unequal. LargerShow MoreRelatedPratt, Arts of the Contact Zone1353 Words   |  6 Pageswas an ordinary thing. Therefore, writing a response to Pratt’s essay in a language that is comprehendible by regular people can be very helpful to those struggling students. In Arts of the Contact Zone Pratt discusses the mix of two different cultures in one area. Where one person is born and lives in a contact zone he/she is surrounded by two different conflicting cultures, and there are two different languages. She also introduces us with a new word autoethnography, which means the way inRead MoreComparing Arts of the Contact Zone and Animism and the Alphabet882 Words   |  4 Pageswith you. In â€Å"Arts of the Contact Zone†, Mary Louise Pratt defines contact zones as â€Å"the space in which transculturation takes place – where two different cultures meet and inform each other, often in highly asymmetrical ways.† Both â€Å"Arts of the Contact Zone† and David Abram’s â€Å"Animism and the Alphabet† attempt to form an interpretation between the relationship of our natural environment and our everyday lives. According to both the author’s writing, Pratt’s concept of contact zone is useful in helpingRead MoreArts of the Contact Zone by Mary Louise Pratt999 Words   |  4 PagesThe â€Å"Arts of the Contact Zone†, an article written by Stanford professor Mary Louise Pratt, discusses many different ideas about culture and communication by utilizing what she calls the literate arts. Pratt explains many terms that she believes are beneficial in gaining a further understanding of a literar y piece. Key terms such as, contact zone, autoethnography and transculturation are introduced in her essay. She describes contact zones as â€Å"social spaces where cultures meet, clash, and grappleRead More Arts of the Contact Zone by Mary Louise Pratt Essay575 Words   |  3 PagesArts of the Contact Zone by Mary Louise Pratt   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Arts of the Contact Zone by Mary Louise Pratt opened up a whole new concept for our class. The new term â€Å"contact zone† appeared and Pratt defined it as social spaces where cultures meet, clash, and grapple with each other, often in contexts of highly asymmetrical relations of power, such as colonialism, slavery, or their aftermaths as they are lived out in many parts of the world today. The idea of the contact zone is intended in part toRead MoreEssay on Arts of the Contact Zone by Mary Louise Pratt532 Words   |  3 PagesArts of the Contact Zone by Mary Louise Pratt In the Arts of the Contact Zone, Mary Louise Pratt has tried to explain the concepts of the â€Å"contact zone†, which she referred to as â€Å"the space of colonial encounters†. This social space that she speaks about is a stage where â€Å"disparate cultures meet, clash, and grapple each other, often in highly asymmetrical relations of domination and subordination†. Pratt aims to highlight these relations between the colonizer and the colonized â€Å"in terms ofRead MoreEssay on Arts of the Contact Zone, Mary Louise Pratt1245 Words   |  5 Pagesdelivered a keynote/lecture that revolutionized how people think about their social spaces. She introduced a revolutionary way to think about these social spaces, instead of calling them communities she started calling it the â€Å"contact zone†. According to Pratt a â€Å"contact zone is a place where cultures meet, clash, and grapple† (Pratt 487). While lecturing her fellow colleagues Pratt argues that our idea of community is strongly utopian. She continues to plead her case by saying that societies oftenRead MoreThe Literate Arts: What is the Purpose?1334 Words   |  6 PagesNicholas Crawford English 103 10 September 2014 The Literate Arts: What is the Purpose? As a student I have read several essays, all in different but connecting points of view that explore in depth the diverse ways of education, educating in the literate arts, learning, using the information, and applying it to life. In reading the controversial opinions expressed throughout these essays, the question, â€Å"What are the literate arts good for?† has crossed my mind more than a few times. Four authorsRead More History Of Hopi Indian Potters Essay1268 Words   |  6 PagesPotters Contact zones were described in Mary Louise Pratt’s article Arts of the Contact Zone as being those points in time in which different cultural groups came together. Positive influences between the groups lead to knowledge and understanding, whereas negative influences lead to conflict and miscomprehension. The history of the Hopi Indians is intertwined with the various contact zones between the Hopi Indians and other cultural groups. It is this series of contact zone experiences thatRead MoreMary Louise Pratt Edward Said Essay1151 Words   |  5 Pagesall present very good methods of maintaining ones national identity in their essays. In Mary Louise Pratts essay Arts of the Contact Zone she gives examples of people who are in a contact zone. Contact zones are where people are meeting other cultures, and they have to remember not to lose their own. (this was a run-on so I made it into two senteces)One of the Arts of the contact zone that describes what has happened with t he Palestinians is Transculturation. Good. Transculturation is the combiningRead More The Role of Female African American Sculptors in the Harlem Renaissance1689 Words   |  7 Pagesidea that these women were products of living within a contact zone. As artists began to gain recognition in the artistic world, they continually represented what it meant to be black in America. Personalities and individualism were displayed through their work while simultaneously portraying the political, social, and economic conditions of being black. This idea runs parallel with Mary Louise Pratt’s (1990) definition of a contact zone. She defines it as a term to refer to social spaces where

Sexual Harassment And The Equal Employment Opportunity...

Sexual harassment is any unwanted or unwelcomed attention whether it is by touching or talking in a way he/she doesn’t like. â€Å"Approximately 15,000 sexual harassment cases are brought to the equal employment opportunity commission (EEOC) each year.† These numbers reflect where people speak up wanting justice for their case. All over the world, not just America, this is a major problem for women and some men but mainly women. In October of this year, I started my new job as a hostess at a seafood restaurant. It was my first week on the job. One of the duties as a hostess is to answer the phone, answer customer questions, make to go orders, and reservations. I was extremely nervous to answer the phone because I was scared of being asked question I didn’t know the answer to. The girl I was working with said â€Å"You need to get use to answering the phone -- just in case you are here by yourself†. So, I answered the phone. It was a man who acted like he knew me. I asked if there was anything I could help him with and the call just took a turn for the worse. It turned very inappropriate, very fast and I immediately hung up the phone. My manager said it was probably an older man who noticed me at the bar, which was an unsettling feeling knowing that this type of situation could happen to me again or any of the females that worked there especially the female bartenders. The bartenders I work with are strictly there to do their job and to provide for their family. One isShow MoreRelatedSexual Harassment Essay1170 Words   |  5 PagesSexual harassment is so ordinary in the workforce that frequently we fail to even recognize harassing behavior as immoral. This is because so many of us--women and men alike--have become desensitized to offensive behaviors. Sexual harassment in any form is unacceptable behavior and should not be tolerated by anyone. It undermines our ability to study, to work, and to feel like effective, empowered people in the world. The U.S Equal Employment Opportunity Commission describes sexual harassment asRead MoreA Look Into Sexual Harassment1231 Words   |  5 PagesA Look into Sexual Harassment A Look into Sexual Harassment Sexual Harassment is a form of sex discrimination which is a violation of Title VII of the Civil Right Act of 1964. Sexual Harassment cases come in two different forms, quid pro quo and atmosphere of harassment (hostile work environment). Here we will look at some facts and examples, statistics, and one cases involving sexual harassment. First we start with the facts. Quid pro quo means something for something, and a hostileRead MoreThe Equal Employment Opportunity Commission1454 Words   |  6 Pages THE EQUAL EMPLOYMENT 2 This paper is intended to shed light to the author on a Federal government website in lieu to its usefulness in human resource management. In this paper, the Federal government website of choice which will be critically analyzed is the The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) website. Some of the areas of interest in this report are the specific commercial, trade, legislative, regulatory or statistical information in the Equal Employment OpportunityRead MoreAnalysis Of Ohio Bath Solutions, Llc Essay1438 Words   |  6 Pagesbased on those people’s membership in a protected class† (p. 81). Acts of illegal discrimination can include excluding candidates from employment or promotion decisions, or paying them less based on their membership in a protected class. Organizations that are found guilty of discrimination can be sued by the victim or the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), or both. However, there are ways that an organization can mitigate or prevent discrimination in the workplace. Creating policiesRead MoreSexual Harassment And The Civil Rights Act Of 19641706 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is sexual harassment? The Rape, Abuse and Incest National Network defines sexual harassment as, â€Å"unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature in which submission to or rejection of such conduct explicitly or implicitly affects a n individual s work or school performance or creates an intimidating, hostile, or offensive work or school environment† (Rape, Abuse and Incest National Network, 2009). In the United States Sexual harassmentRead MoreCase Analysis: Role of the EEOC1774 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Equal Employment Introduction Lauren Goldston, an employee at Sangrias Mexican Cafà ©, a restaurant in Tucker, Georgia complained of being sexually harassed by a male cook at the restaurant. The cook engaged in unwelcome sexual advances, remarks, and inappropriate touching. Goldston reported the conduct to the restaurants owner. Goldstons mother, Sara, aunt Francesca, and uncle, Max, all worked at the restaurant as well. They also reported the sexual harassment on numerous occasions. InsteadRead MoreLegal Case Study On Legal Cases Essay858 Words   |  4 Pages The two legal cases I studied involved sexual harassment. Both cases were similar, in that each involved multiple people and the plaintiffs were terminated in retaliation for reporting the alleged violations. In the first case, three female employees reported claims of sexual harassment against a warehouse supervisor with New Breed Logistics. The three stated they were subjected to lewd, obscene and vulgar sexual remarks, as well as, unwelcome sexual touching. Additionally, a male employeeRead MorePreventing Sexual Harassment At The Workplace978 Words   |  4 PagesPreventing Sexual Harassment in the Workplace An anti-harassment policy should be set and published to every company by the employer; moreover, this policy should state and allow the employees to complain if the harassment and discrimination occur. However, employers are likely to be negligent about the important of investigating complaints of sexual harassment and appropriate solutions. (Tremblay, 2008) The most effective weapon against sexual harassment is prevention. It is impossibleRead MoreEssay on Sexual Harassment1046 Words   |  5 Pagesvictim of sexual pressure. These instances can take place at work, school, the military and even at church. But exactly what is sexual exploitation or unwanted sexual behavior? After looking at several definitions for sexual abuse I came across the following definition that I feel will help all of us to better understand what inappropriate sexual behavior is. Sexual harassment was defined by The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) as unwelcome advances and requ ests for sexual behaviorRead MoreEmployment Law Compliance Plan1439 Words   |  6 PagesEmployment Law Compliance Plan Donna Allaire HRM/531 July 8, 2013 Professor James Scholes MEMORANDUM TO: Traci Goldman FROM: DATE: Subject: Employment Laws Regarding your request, I am to formulate an employment law compliance plan for a Mr. Bradley Stonefield. It is my understanding that Mr. Stonefield is planning to open a limousine service in Austin, Texas. The limousine service will be made up of 25 employees within the first year. This memo will examine employment laws as

Language Arts Socratic Seminar Questions Essay Example For Students

Language Arts Socratic Seminar Questions Essay In my opinion, I think How to Kill a Mockingbird should be banned especially in during the time the book became published because Of the many controversial issues it contained that were racist and offensive towards others. Throughout the book, there were examples Of profanity and racial discrimination against African Americans. To prove that, its stated several times in the book that a black person Will always be convicted if its a White person accusing them, Which explains the inequality between the two races. Although How to Kill a Mockingbird was written in the sasss , all the themes in the book still continue to occur in todays society, which is another reason why I believe the book should be banned, This novel endures in public school curriculum because of its high popularity rate and enduring story of racism and redemption while growing up in a small Southern town during the Great Depression. 2. What characters do you recognize trot you own elite experience? Are there people you have met who have similar personae, beliefs or actions? Explain. 3. How do Scout, Jeer, and Dill characterize Boo Raddled at the beginning of the book? In what way does Boobs past foreshadow his method of protecting Gem and Scout from Bob Lowell? Does this repetition of aggression make him more or less of a sympathetic character? Scout and Gem do not really meet Boo Raddled at the beginning of the novel. However, he is a main thought in their imaginations and they know, he is treated like a ghost or, as they sometimes call him, a monster. During the first summer in the novel, they make plans to lure him out. They even compete with each Other to see Who can get the closest to him. Dill makes up a new game, the BOO Raddled game. They make up stories about his life and reenact them like a play. None Of the children think about the fact that their game may be hurting the people inside the Raddled house who can hear the childrens games through their windows. Boo Readers history of violence is more a myth than reality. As Miss Maude tells the children in Chapter S, the stories about Boo are a combination of superstition and fantasy. However, because he has been so intimidated in his home that Boo could possibly ran into his father who refused to let him leave. Boo has made efforts to be in communion with the children, while stealthily watching them. His mending Offsets pants on the night when the children came to the windows in a dare and Gem tore his pants on the wire fence in from Mr.. Readers shotgun, along With his little gifts hidden in the knothole Of the tree all indicate his efforts to create a friendship with Boo. When he discovers that the children are threatened by the Bob Lowell, BOO seeks to protect What he cares greatly for. While panicking and fearing fear for the children, Boo stabs Bob Lowell who is of no value to him anymore, while the children certainly are. . Decide whether women are portrayed in a positive or a negative way in the book. No matter which side you choose, select two female characters as evidence to support your argument. Please be sure to mention specific plot events and tell how the two women youve selected prove that the novel shows women in either a positive or negative light. There are a range of diff erent women in Kill a Mockingbird and each are portrayed in a different way. The book takes place during the sasss, which was an era when women were still the submissive housewives and at home looking after their children. .u81a705816da1f33d2b42766ae95022e9 , .u81a705816da1f33d2b42766ae95022e9 .postImageUrl , .u81a705816da1f33d2b42766ae95022e9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u81a705816da1f33d2b42766ae95022e9 , .u81a705816da1f33d2b42766ae95022e9:hover , .u81a705816da1f33d2b42766ae95022e9:visited , .u81a705816da1f33d2b42766ae95022e9:active { border:0!important; } .u81a705816da1f33d2b42766ae95022e9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u81a705816da1f33d2b42766ae95022e9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u81a705816da1f33d2b42766ae95022e9:active , .u81a705816da1f33d2b42766ae95022e9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u81a705816da1f33d2b42766ae95022e9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u81a705816da1f33d2b42766ae95022e9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u81a705816da1f33d2b42766ae95022e9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u81a705816da1f33d2b42766ae95022e9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u81a705816da1f33d2b42766ae95022e9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u81a705816da1f33d2b42766ae95022e9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u81a705816da1f33d2b42766ae95022e9 .u81a705816da1f33d2b42766ae95022e9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u81a705816da1f33d2b42766ae95022e9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Death Of A Car Accident EssayIn Southern America, Feminism was unheard of, however, the author introduces the reader to Scout Pinch. Harper Lee portrays Scout as the girl who wouldnt obey to be normal. Scout was uncomfortable with this life, and would rather be playing with Gem in a dirty old tire than sit in a room drinking tea. Scout was a tomboy because she didnt have a mother in her life. Aunt Alexandra as the closest person Scout had to a mother and Scout did not agree with all the rules Aunt Alexandra introduced her to. Scout, however, does recognize the stronger women in the book as well such as California and Miss Maude. These Woman are ahead of their time in their beliefs of the society they live in especially Miss Maude. She is extremely critical Of the ways Of the women in Macomb, and she does not tell Scout to act more like a lady like Aunt Alexandra and Miss Dubos do. Instead in smart ways she encourages Scout to be the way she is. She also realizes that Tactics is raising his children, especially Scout the est. way he can, and that it is probably the best way for Scout as well. . Re-read Aunt Alexandra and Miss Maude ©s conversation on p. 236. What are they saying about the moral responsibility of the citizens of Macomb in the trials outcome? Aunt Alexandra is very conscious of Macombs social values and chooses to live within its restrictions, and given the slightest chance she would exercise her royal prerogative: she would arrange, advise, caution, and warn, On the other hand, Miss Maude sets herself toward the outside of the environment of Macomb, Like Tactics, she stays within bounds, but follows her own code. Miss Maude reminds Alexandra that Tactics is doing a great thing and that many citizens in the town support him, even if that support is quiet. Aunt Alexandra is also very critical of how Tactics treats the children, while Miss Maude is much more But then, Miss Maude has an amusing sense of humor, which is a trait Aunt Alexandra does not have. 6. Did Tom Robinson have a fair trial? To what extent was Male free to speak the truth? 7. Rank in order Of culpability (blameworthiness or responsibility) for the death of Tom Robinson the following characters: Bob Lowell, Mr.. Gillian (prosecuting attorney), Male Lowell, individuals on the jury,

Mozart free essay sample

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born on January 27th, 1756; In Salisbury Austria. Born with the full name Johannes Chromosomes Wolfgang Audiophiles Mozart, he quickly shortened it to Wolfgang Mozart by his early teenage years. His father, Leopold Mozart, was the assistant concert master in the Salisbury royal court. While his mother, Anna Marl Pertly, was born Into a family of wealthy community leaders. His sister Maria Anna, was given the knick;name of Manner.By mimicking her playing on the harpsichord, Mozart developed a strong concept of chords, until he was also playing alongside of her. Mozart started playing the violin when he was four years old, and was composing his own music by his fifth birthday. When Mozart became SIX, and when his sister was eleven, Mozart father started on their tours across Europe to showcase the duos young prodigal talents in 1762. They stopped in Paris, London, The Hogue, as well as Zurich. We will write a custom essay sample on Mozart or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When Manner became of age to marry, Mozart obtained the shot that kick-started his career. When Mozart became thirteen, he was appointed assistant concertmaster with a small salary In the Salisbury court. With this he was given the opportunity to compose symphonies, string quartets, sonatas, serenades, and a few operas. During his tours with his father, he held a meeting with Johannes Bach, who was Interested with the young prodigy. They quickly became teacher and pupil. But at times, roles would switch. The lowest point of the trip was when Mozart mother died on July 3rd, 1778. However, the sixth year after 1784 became the most promising for Mozart, in which e appeared in 22 concerts. During this time he composed many famous pieces Including The Coronation Mansard the Clarinet Concerto In A minor, as well as many minor pieces for soloists. However, this time had to come to an end. With the poor salary, he complained his troubles to the Salisbury ruler, which inferred an abrupt striping of his title and an immediate exit of Salisbury court. He moved to Vienna and worked as a freelance Musician. After a while, money began to run out, HIS father pleaded for a position for his son, and after a while, Mozart was soon back in is old position, but settled in Vienna.Mozart met Castanet in 1781, He was under suspicion to marry her by the end of the year. He denied the idea for a while, but he was asking permission of her father by December 1871. They announced the marriage In January 1782 and by August 4th, 1782, they were married In the royal court. The couple settled down in a lavish apartment in Vienna. They had six children, but only two survived past infancy, Karl Thomas and Franz Xavier. During the period from 1790 to 1791, Mozart composed many of his most famous pieces.The pear The Magic Flute, the final Plano concerto In B;flat, the Clarinet Concerto In A minor, and the unfinished Requiem to name a few were written during this time. In 1791, Mozart conducted the Prague for the premier of the opera La clemency did Nas not to be. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart died on December 5, 1791 at age 35. The record lists the cause as severe military fever, a mustard seed rash was mentioned to be on his body during the funeral. Mozart, with all of his achievements, was buried in common grave after the mundane funeral in which few mourners attended.The one song that was left behind unfinished was the famous Requiem. He wrote this on his death bed, with the quill in his hand as he died. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart influenced many people and social circles in which he Nas involved in. He influenced the musical world by introducing the Basset clarinet and the Piano into major orchestras and symphonies. Mozart was considered one of the greatest composers of all time. According to Bio. Com, His music presented a bold expression, often times complex and dissonant, and required high technical mastery room the musicians who performed it. Mozart free essay sample Something miraculous hovers above the music of Mozart. His elegant writing and his rich instrumental colors sound effortless. This deceptive simplicity is the secret of his art. Mozart was born in Salisbury, Austria, the son of Leopold Mozart, an esteemed composer-violinist at the court of the Archbishop of Salisbury. The most extraordinarily gifted child in the history of music, he started to compose before he NAS five, and, with his talented sister Manner, performed at the court of Empress Maria Theresa at the age of six. By age thirteen, the boy had written sonatas, concertos, symphonies, religious works, and several operas. The high-spirited young artist rebelled against the social restrictions imposed by the patronage system and at twenty-five established himself in Vienna as a struggling freelance musician. In 1782, he married Constance Weber, against his domineering fathers wishes. He reached the peak of his career in the late sass with his three comic operas (The Marriage of Figaro, Don Giovanni, and Coos fan tutee) on librettos by Lorenz dad Point. We will write a custom essay sample on Mozart or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Although in or health, Mozart continued to produce masterpieces for the Viennese public, including his Clarinet Concerto (he was one of the first to compose for this new instrument) and his final opera, The Magic Flute (1791). With a kind of fevered desperation, he then turned to the Requiem Mass, which had been commissioned by a music-loving count. There are Indications that Mozart became obsessed with the notion that this Mass for the Dead was Intended for himself and that he would not live to finish it. He died on December 4, 1791, shortly before his thirty-sixth birthday.Mozart is revered for the inexhaustible wealth of elegant and sinful melodies. His instrumental music combines a sense of drama with contrasts of mood ranging from lively and playful to solemn and tragic. His orchestration Is colorful, and his development sections full of chromatic harmonies. HIS symphonic masterpieces are the six written in the final decade of his life. In chamber music, Mozart, Like Haydn, favored the string quartet. His last ten quartets are some of the finest In the literature, among them a set of six dedicated to Haydn. Mozart free essay sample Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is one of the greatest music composers who ever lived. His name and the word genius are often bandied about together by music writers and critics and many would argue rightly so. Mozart had a fantastic ear for writing a catchy melody with perfect orchestral arrangement. His compositions have a rich and distinctive sound; it can be said that in his brief 35 years of life that he wrote a masterpiece in every genre of classical music without much apparent effort. Mozart had an innate comprehension of music that lead him to be one of the most evolutionary composers of all time.Mozart innate musical genius can be observed In records of his early life, In his compositions, and In scientific studies, Mozart began showing his talents when he was Just three years old. He composed his first piece of music at age five; he had his first piece published when he was seven; and he wrote his first opera when he was twelve. We will write a custom essay sample on Mozart or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page By the time Wolfgang was 6, he was an excellent pianist and violinist. Mozart father began touring Mozart and his sister not Just locally, but also internationally! During their trip to London, Mozart abilities were tested scientifically. In a famous report written by Dales Barrington, we learn about Mozart extraordinary talents. Barrington brought a manuscript, never before seen by Mozart, which was composed with 5 parts with one part written in an Italian style Contralto clef, and set it in front of the young Mozart, Just 8 years old, sitting at the keyboard. Barrington writes: The score was no sooner put upon his desk, than he began to play the symphony in a most masterly manner, as well as in the time and tile that corresponded with the Intention of the composerImpressed by Mozart performance, Barrington requested to Mozart to Improvise and perform a Love Song in operatic style that Barrington famous opera singer friend, Amazons. Would choose to perform. Barrington again writes: [Mozart] began five or six lines of a jargon recitative proper to introduce a love song. He then played a symphony It had a first and second part, which together with the symphonies, was of the length that opera songs generally last: if this extempore composition was not amazingly capital, yet it as really above mediocrity, and showed most extraordinary readiness of invention.Again, an Impressed Barrington made a salary request to Mozart, only this time to perform a song of Rage. Mozart, again, presented a similar performance, except he beat his harpsichord like a person possessed, rising sometimes in his chair. Afterward, Barrington had Mozart complete a series of difficult keyboard lessons. Barrington once again writes of Mozart: His astonishing readiness, however, did not arise merely from great practice; he had a thorough knowledge of the fundamental reminisces of composition, as, upon producing a treble, he immediately wrote a base under It, which, when tried, had very good effect.He was also a great master of modulation, and his transitions from one key to another were excessively natural and judicious (Deutsche) upon listening, Mozart music has an air of inevitability or rightness. Yet, it also manages to possess an air of unpredictability. This is another paradox of Mozart. It is unpredictable due to its complexity and depth, and familiar due to Its subtlety and prefect proportion. It Is the perfect proportion which makes act that the melodies are logically placed to fit the harmonies or the fugal form can make them sound forced and at times artificial.The melodies dont come naturally, but are logically placed. With Beethoven, the extremes in dynamics or orchestration can also often sound forced and artificial. One may say that Bach was willing to sacrifice melodic grace for complex harmony and counterpoint, and Beethoven for dynamic power. Mozart however sacrifices nothing, for the music Just comes naturally. For example, in the Art of Fugue, Bach manages to logically work out a home which achieves harmonic coherence when used in several different contrapuntal forms.The angularity and the forced nature of the melodies however do suggest that they are logically worked out so that they fit the harmonies in such contrapuntal forms. In effect, the themes play functional rather than independent melodic roles. However, in the finale of Mozart Symphony no. 41 in C Major (K. 551), Mozart introduces several independent melodies, and then unexpectedly combines all of them together in the coda. All this seems so effortless and natural, that the unnatural complexity is lost in us. Unlike Bach, Mozart has not logically forced melodies to fit the harmony or structure, but has simply created several independent melodies that fit together perfectly in what is perhaps the most brilliant show of contrapuntal combination in the history of music. Mozart ability to create complex music in such subtle ways reveals another of his qualities: his ability to achieve what he sets out to achieve using the minimum number of notes. His music is incredibly economical. He seemed to know exactly what to put in, as well as what to leave out.Whereas Beethoven creates a dramatic effect with deviations from harmonic law, extreme dynamics, deliberate dissonances, and a large number of voices, Mozart can create an effect as dramatic without going to extremes in dynamics, dissonances, or number of voices. An example is his Symphony no. 40 in G Minor (K. 550), in which Mozart creates deep passion and emotion while containing the music within limits he never breaks the rules of harmony, the dynamics never go below piano or above forte, the dissonances are all contained within tonality, and the orchestra is small.Mozart music manages to achieve complexity and drama without going to extremes. The accounts of Mozart musical ability are unbelievable. He could write down a piece of music while thinking out another in his head. He would often think out a piece and write down the individual parts before compiling a full score. Already as a very young child he was improvising fugues and composing substantial pieces. The only composer who comes near to Mozart as a child prodigy is Mendelssohn, who composed the overture to A Midsummer Nights Dream as a teenager. HoweverMendelssohn failed to develop much further, and although his music reveals an excellent sense of proportion, harmony, and passion, he lacks the complexity and subtlety which Mozart has over other composers. Amazingly prolific, Mozart composed over six hundred large-scale pieces, as well as many unknown works and fragments, in his tragically short life. Furthermore, he conquered virtually every medium with his music. And all this seemed effortless: in a letter to his wife, Mozart tells her about how he wrote an aria one afternoon out of sheer boredom!To top it all if, his music shows little correction, and he composes at amazing speed. Whereas Beethoven would spend months or years on a piece, Mozart would spend hours, period of six weeks. So what can be concluded about Mozart? From what I have provided, it is difficult not to be amazed by him. To me, his music represents the attainment of musical perfection. It transcends the music of other composers. If I Mere to make a list of great composers, relatively high on the scale would be the epic greats, such as Haydn, Mendelssohn, and Tchaikovsky.

Harold Washington Library

Harold Washington Library Abstract The largest library in Midwest is Harold Washington Library Centre that confirms to both traditional and postmodern elements of designing. The building is a neat amalgamation of traditional motifs from mythology and culture of Chicago and Midwest as well as postmodern architectural styles.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Harold Washington Library specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The building is different in its construction and design from its contemporary library buildings due to its incorporation of both designing and not just that of functionality as is done in most modern buildings. This paper discusses architectural design of the building in detail. The libraries being built in the 21st century are, according to Terry Webb, â€Å"more than just a repository of information and knowledge, and epitomizes a higher aspiration that is fundamental to civilization and its persistence.† (Webb 5) In other words, modern day library construction is moving beyond just technical requirements of construction. Traditionally architectural designs of libraries had entirely reflected upon the practicality and functionality aspect of the building, completely doing away with the designing aesthetics. Therefore, such public buildings have been designed with â€Å"preeminence of function and significance in a construction virtually devoid of pleasing form.† (Webb 7) Library designing is essentially designing of the interior space area such that there is a distinct reading area, circulation area, stacks area, etc. It has also been suggested that the simplest and most efficient shape for a library building is a rectangle (Webb 7). Classical architecture of libraries usually has a fortress like appearance with heavy bronze doors and small often-barred windows (Webb 8). However, this has changed considerably with the advent of the modern libraries built in the 21st century. Libraries today has become more post modern in their orientation, with a lot of stress being put on the aesthetics of designing than simply catering to the functional requirements of the building. This paper discusses the background and building of one such example of modern day library. It is the Harold Washington Library Centre (HWLC) at Chicago built in 1990-2 is the main library of the Chicago Public Library (Watkin 682). The paper first provides a brief description of the background of the location and culture surrounding the building. Then provide an understanding of how it was built and in the end understand how it would have been built had it been built today. This paper presents a detailed architectural review of the modern library and its importance to architecture.Advertising Looking for research paper on architecture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More HWLC is a monumental building and was commissioned as a part of th e renewal of the urban landscape of the city. The designer of the building was Thomas Beeby of Hammod, Beeby, and Babka (Watkin 682). After refurbishing the Chicago Cultural Center in 1977, it was found that the building was outgrowing its collection (Becker). Then pursued a long debate on the contraction of a new library building in the city but was derailed due to lack of funding. Ultimately, in 1983, the then mayor of Chicago, Harold Washington, supported the construction of a new central library (Duff 91). Then in 1988 a designing competition was held that drew five entries and was eventually shortlisted to two designs – that of Hammond, Beeby, and Babka, and Helmut Jahn’s (Plootnik 565). The later was not selected because the design was consider too expensive a project. Figure 1: Harold Washington Library, Chicago (Harold Washington Library) In 1986, Harold Washington offered two square blocks for the construction of the library (Duff 91). The designing of the lib rary was done under a lot of enthusiasm of the city dwellers for construction of a well-designed building. The designing competition was conducted under the specification that the construction of the project should not exceed $144 million and the area under construction should be 700,000 square feet. The construction of the project began with funding from the state and private funding, the construction of the library began that covered an entire block. It is the largest public library in the world and is named after the mayor who supported its initiation, Harold Washington (Watkin 682). The library is located at the south end of Chicago loop (Watkin 682). It was built in 1991 and $195 million was spent in its construction (Knox and Belcher 62). The building is approximately of 750,000 square feet (Watkin 683). The next section of the paper presents the culture that prevailed during the construction of the library. The building exemplifies the words of its pioneering initiator Harold Washington: â€Å"With the same adventurous spirit of Jean Baptist DuSable when he founded Chicago, we are going to do some great things together.† (Duff 91) Chicago city has a rich tradition in urban architectural landscaping. When the city was almost destroyed in the 1871 Great Chicago Fire, the city was rebuilt with the help and inspiration of architects like William LeBaron Jenney, John Wellborn Root, Louise Sulivan, and so on (Duff 91). The city has a rich architectural heritage and the HWLC is yet another addition to it. Basic information available regarding the construction of HWLC is as follows:Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Harold Washington Library specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More SEBUS group designed the building and its construction was finished in 1991. The size of the building is 756,640 square feet and the cost of construction was $144 million. There are 2337 readers’ seats available in the library and 70.85 mile shelving space. The library houses 2,000,000 books and 8,585 periodicals. The building is built in 10 storeys and at the top has an intriguing winter garden. The building is essentially a postmodern architecture with an equal blend of Chicago’s traditional architectural heritage and modern architecture. The building is highly functional and has a space of 520,000 square feet without the winter garden (Plootnik 565). The building is located in the Loop area of Chicago that has a skyscraper clad urban landscape. It houses some of the most famous architectural works as well as works of outdoor art like that of Pablo Picasso, Joan Miro, etc. This area is culturally rich with the art and music school of Chicago located in the area. The next section enumerates on the exterior and interior designing of the exterior and interior of the building. The building is a blend of contemporary and old architectural elements. The exterior design of the library is presumably inspired from other Chicago landmark buildings like the Rookery, Monadnock buildings, and Auditorium in the Loop neighborhood (Duff 92). The bottom of the building is made of granite blocks and it has large arched doorways. The windows are set in natural bronze frames (Duff 92). The ornamental base is similar to that of the Auditorium Building in Chicago. The maximum of the exterior is made with red brick. The prevalence of use of granite at the bottom of the building and use of red brick for exterior walls is representative of the Beaux-Art style of the nineteenth century. Further adaptation from this style is heavy use of adornment of the exterior walls and dominant axial symmetry (Schulze and Harrington). The main aim of the designers was to make the building similar to the grand civic buildings of the classical western civilizations. That is why the building has a monumental presence in the city. The arched windows are five storey tall breaks the monotonies of the red brick walls. They break the walls on three sides of the building. The windows are linked with cast stone ornamentation (Harold Washington Library). The arched windows are similar to the work of Sullivan, Root, and Daniel Burnham on the three buildings present in the Loop that are the Auditorium building, the Rookery and the Monadnocks (Duff 92). The flatter expanse of the red brick wall is small, rectangular windows that are linked together with cast stone ornamentations. This technique used by the designers is reminiscent of Chicago’s Revival Movement. The granite bottom blocks and the brick walls were divided using wall decorations that were sculpted in the form of â€Å"Ceres and ears of corn† (Schulze and Harrington). The western faà §ade of the library is different from that of the other three Chicago buildings. This is due to the use of modern elements and material in its construction. On the western side of the building, facing the Plymouth, is made of glass, steel and aluminum. The pediment attic is also made of glass, aluminum and steel components enhances its modernistic look.Advertising Looking for research paper on architecture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, this sense of designing bears close resemblance to the Mannerist style (Schulze and Harrington). The western part is done with continuous glass curtain wall with dark green aluminum frames. These ascend to the cornice and the pediment made of glass on the tenth floor. The top of the building has a cross-axial roof and is centered in the skylight for the Winter Garden (Duff 92). The roof is ornamented with numerous foliates. To these five cast mental owls each of fourteen inches painted in green would be added to match the ornamentation of the building designed by Raymond Kaskery and Kent Bloomer had designed painted aluminum acroteria. The acroteria on the Congress Parkway shows seedpods signifying natural bounty of the Midwest. Owl is used in the ornamentation of the building top, as it is the Greek mythological symbol of knowledge. The figures shows the owls perched in the acroteria foliage. The ornamentation of the library is truly used as a revival can vas for the his tory in the building. The designer wanted to revive the classical architectural history of Chicago as well as blend in the aesthetics of postmodern architecture. The iconography used in the buildings represents Midwest and Chicago. The â€Å"head of Ceres† who is the â€Å"roman goddess of grain† are present in the medallion on the wall along with â€Å"ears of corn† that represent prairie type of agriculture prevalent in Midwest (Schulze and Harrington). The â€Å"cornice railing† on the ninth floor of the building that marks the uniformity of the building heights as proposed in the 1909 â€Å"Plan of Chicago† by Daniel Burnham and Edward Bennett (Schulze and Harrington). Further, it also has the Windy City Man installation high on the faà §ade that is self-explanatory in its significance. The public door of the buildings leads the visitors to the lobby. The northern entrance leads to the lobby that has brown, orange, and pink lines to ascent the walls. The corridor leads to the south of the lobby or the Central Hall. The Central Hall can be reached through all the three public entrances. This is similar to the classical design of a central hall. It is a three-storey hall. The hall’s floor is laden with marble and from its center, the lower laden auditorium of the library consisting of 385 sitting arrangements is available. This can be seen though the center space of the central hall. And the ceiling also has a circular open area through which the children’s library on its top is visible. The floor is stacked with large collection of artwork that are visible on the walls, floors, and ceilings of the hall. The hall also includes the mosaic Events in Life of Harold Washington by Jacob Lawrence in the floor. The other areas of importance like the auditorium, the main exhibition hall, meeting rooms, etc. are easily accessible through the central hall. The building has a square footage area of 75000 square foot. Ev en though the building is huge and complex in its architectural design, visitors to the library find is least difficult to find their way around. All the floors within the building are accessible through escalators or elevators. The second floor of the buildings has the children’s library names Thomas Hughes Children’s Library. This section is the largest collection of children’s books in the Midwest. The children’s library has a size of 18,000 square feet of space. The children’s library also has a theatre for puppet shows and magic performances (Duff 92). From the third through the eighth floor are the core HWLC. These are connected through en elevator and a centrally placed elevator. These floors hold the sections for the four subject divisions of the library. The users of the library can browse through the library collections, research, or use other services like inter-library loan, etc. these also have computer assisted references, language le arning center, reading machines for blind people, and learning center for adults (Duff 92). Figure 2: Design and layout of the library, (Duff 92) The reading room of the library is monumental. The public space is done in â€Å"marble, terrazzo, bronze, and maple† to match the elegance of traditional libraries (Duff 93). The space is designed to give out the feeling of scholarly, comfortable, and relaxed atmosphere, but not overbearing. The ambience of the room is derived more out of the layout and design of the room, and due to the use of light colored raw material in construction of the interiors and the use of indirect lighting. The furnishings in the reading room are made of natural maple wood. The plastered walls are painted in a light shade of gray that runs throughout the building. The Turkish and Italian marbles used on floors, countertops, and wainscots are mainly used in light colors. The carpeting and the terrazzo too are done in soft colors. The indirect pendant li ghts with light colored tiled ceilings are considered good for both reading and preservation of books. Almost all the books in the library are shelved in open stack shelves. On the eastern part of the library, there are 50 smaller reading areas for the library users. There are ten reading rooms with ample of natural lighting from the large arched windows running along the State Street. Further, this section also has eight refurbished patron tables from the old Chicago Public Library of 1897 (Duff 93). There are one-storey alcoves that provide a quieter study area using maple carrels for the patrons. The ninth floor houses the Winter Garden that provides the most spectacular effect to the architecture of the HWLC building. It is an atrium with lots of sun light filtering though the glass ceiling. The patrons can read or can relax in the garden. This also allows for private parties or events at night. The garden is filled with olive trees and ivory covered walls. The administrative bl ock of the library is on the tenth floor overlooking the garden and is attached by a bronze-railed bridge connecting the north and south halves of the building. On the north, side of the Winter Garden is the Harold Washington Archives that is led through the double doors. On the other side of the winter garden are the colorful murals from Chicago artists. This leads to the professional section of the library with the section of science, and history. On the side of the building overlooking South Loop is the public restaurant. There is also a lounge on the ninth floor, the laboratory for preserving the books, and Special collection department (Duff 94). The HWLC is a combination of the traditional architectural form with modern functionality. However, if the library had to be built with the modern perspective in mind, the building would have looked similar to the Seattle Central Library or the Picture Book Museum at Iwaki City. The HWLC library confirms to both design and functionalit y. But design has a greater predominance with lots of ornamentation and stress on detailing works. However, modern library design would be more minimalistic in nature will less stress on ornamentation, and more space. The library space, as perceived by many, is believed to be a stuffy space. Therefore, proper use of space, light, and air is important to remove the stuffy feeling. This element is found missing in the HWLC library, that has a more dominance traditional walled concept of the library. The reading room of HWLC is found to be large though walled from all sides, with light gray walls that make the rooms morose to some extent. However, a reading space with lots of light filtering though glassed walls would provide a great respite for readers, as they would be in constant connection with the external world and the stuffiness of the books all around can be removed. Therefore, the functions of the library should dictate what the look of the building should be rather than desig ning the looks and then fitting in the functions. A modern building would use less of the classical material like marbles, red bricks, granite, etc. The library building in a modern sense would use materials like concrete, glass, and aluminum. However, a particular blend of modernity and traditional architectural form in the exteriors can become confusing. One simple usage of this blend can be in allowing the exterior of the building resemble a traditional classical architectural design, while the interior being designed to attain optimum functionality through modern minimalistic style. However, a mix of both in the exterior as well as in the exterior creates a confusion of designs. Becker, Lynn. Sleekness in Seattle. 2006. Web. Duff, John B. The Harold Washington Library Center. Library Journal (1991): 91-96. Print. Harold Washington Library. Harold Washington Library Center. 2011. Web. Knox, Janice and Heather Olivia Belcher. Chicagos Loop. San Francisco, CA: Arcadia Publishing, 2002. Print. Plootnik, Art. Chicago to Build nations largest municipal library. American Libraries August 1988: 565-66. Print. Schulze, Franz and Kevin Harrington. Harold Washington Library Center. 2003. Chicagos Famous Buildings. Web. Watkin, David. A history of Western architecture. London: Laurence King Publishing, 2005. Print. Webb, Terry. Building libraries for the 21st century: the shape of information . North Carolina: McFarland, 2000. Print.

Learn Proper French Pronunciation With Liaisons

Learn Proper French Pronunciation With Liaisons Part of the reason that French pronunciation and aural comprehension are so difficult is due to liaisons. A  liaison  is a phenomenon whereby a normally  silent consonant  at the end of a word is pronounced at the beginning of the word that follows it. Examples of Liaisons The sound files below show words such as  vous  (you), which have a silent s at the end, unless they are paired with a word like  avez  (have). When this occurs, the s is pronounced at the beginning of the following word, creating a liaison in French. In each instance, the words on the left contain a silent letter at the end; the words on the right show how the usually silent letter at the end of the word is pronounced at the beginning of the following word, creating a liaison. The word or words are followed by a transliteration to help you pronounce the terms and phrases as you hear them. French Word With a Final Silent Consonant Liaison vous [vu] vous avez [vu za vay] ont [o(n)] ont-ils [o(n) teel] un [uh(n)] un homme [uh(n) nuhm] les [lay] les amis [lay za mee] Pronunciation Key Use this pronunciation key as a guide to help you get the most out of the previous sound files. a   fathere   bedee   meetu   fool(n)   nasal n In addition, consonants in  liaisons  sometimes change the pronunciation. For example, an s is pronounced like a z when it is used in a liaison. Liaison Rules The basic requirement of a  liaison  is a word that ends in a normally silent consonant followed by a word that begins with a vowel or  mute h. This does not mean, however, that all possible liaisons are necessarily pronounced. In fact, the pronunciation (or not) of liaisons is subject to very specific rules, and liaisons are divided into three categories: Required liaisons (Liaisons obligatoires)Forbidden liaisons (Liaisons interdites)Optional liaisons (Liaisons facultatives) If you are a beginner, study just the required  liaisons  and forbidden liaisons, as these are the essential. If youre more advanced, study all three sections. It may be boring, but your pronunciation and ability to communicate at different levels of formality will improve dramatically. Liaison vs.  Enchantment There is a related phenomenon in French called  enchaà ®nement  (linking). The difference between enchaà ®nement and  liaisons  is this:  Liaisons  occur when the final consonant is normally silent but is pronounced due to the vowel that follows it (vous  vs.  vous avez), whereas  enchaà ®nement  occurs when the final consonant is pronounced whether or not a vowel follows it, such as  pour  vs.  pour elle, which translates as for vs. for her. Note that  enchaà ®nement  is simply a phonetic issue, while the pronunciation of  liaisons  is based on linguistic and stylistic factors. Additionally, scan the pronunciation chart below to see how various letters are generally pronounced in French liaisons. Letter Sound D [t] F [v] G [g] N [n] P [p] R [r] S [z] T [t] X [z] Z [z]

How does the discourse of sports punditry differ from Sports Essay

How does the discourse of sports punditry differ from Sports Journalism Address the key themes and differencesaround pundits and sports journalists in sports reporting - Essay Example Sports discourse is usually discussed with regard to social, political, cultural and economic factors. Discourse discussion is mainly provided with examples from printed sources in order to show how national identities influence on sports events (Boyle, 2006, a). Both sports texts and events were chosen for discussion in this research. On the one hand, the idea of interconnection of politics and sports journalism can’t be underestimated, especially in the modern world, where sport is another tool in the hands of ‘all-mighty people’, which they use as PR move. If television and journalism are considered to be two main spheres of cultural production, then discourse of sports journalism shouldn’t ‘dumb the culture down’ (Oates, Pauly, 2007). In accordance with the definition provided by Boyle (2006, b): â€Å"Journalism stands accused of sacrificing accuracy for speed, purposeful investigation for cheap intrusion and reliability for entertainment.† Unfortunately, sports journalism highlights sensations and not sports events; presents celebrities and not achievements. Sports journalism is on market. Its main goal is to satisfy the needs of customers. Thus we are to blame no one but ourselves for a shift in sports accents from sports events and achievements to a kind of so ciety column. Critics explain this change from the point of view that sports journalism has always existed next to entertainment and lifestyle journalism. Abrams (2009) claims: showbiz and sports columns in the Sun and the Mirror are preferred by the readers most of all. Nevertheless it is possible to note that these two newspapers are focused on ‘nonserious entertainment’. An interconnection of sports journalism and politics can be exemplified by the sports news coverage of London’s 2012 Olympic bid or England’s hosting of the 1996 European Football Championships. These