Common Sense Summary Essay Example for Free

Common Sense Summary Essay Summary of Thomas Pains Common Sense Thomas Pain believed strongly in supporting the colonies for colonial independence. The sun never shined on a cause of greater worth, says Thomas Pain. He believed that not only the country should be involved but of at least 1/8 part of the globe. He illustrates in his article that a new era for politics has struck which leads to a new method of thinking. Pain also shows that reconciliation with Britain is not the answer. He states that America will flourish as much or more without Britain. Pain also illustrates how people think that Britain is protecting them. He responds saying that Britain was only thinking of Britains own interest instead of thinking of the interests of the colonies. Pain concludes in his article four of why they must show their declaration for independence. First he states that Britain and the Colonies may quarrel forever. Secondly he states that France and Spain want help the colonies unless they rebel and fight. Thirdly he states that they should be considered rebels and unite to fight the British. Fourthly they will send out to foreign courts published documents that state miseries that they have endured and the peaceful methods they used in return.

Women Essay -- Persuasive, Violence Against Women

This investigation is roasted in the hypothesis that although the world has changed and modernized, and laws for the protection of minorities have increased, even the penalties for the violation of human rights are more severe; but the female figure are still victims of abuse, discrimination, and violence around the world. To test this hypothesis we will consider three Journals. The first Journals subject is â€Å"HONOUR": CRIMES, PARADIGMS, AND VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN. By Simone Cusack, & Rebecca J Cook. (2007). This talks about violence against women in the Muslim world. The second journal subject is CURBING FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION. By Gender & Behavior (Dec 2010). Discussing the concept and practice of mutilation on women. And the last subject is THE GUATEMALAN FEMICIDE: AN EPIDEMIC OF IMPUNITY. By Velasco, Natalie. (2008). And talk about women that have been raped, mutilated, and brutally murdered in Guatemala. To start we were talking about the first journal, â€Å"HONOUR": CRIMES, PARADIGMS, AND VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN by Simone Cusack, & Rebecca J Cook (2007). And this one talks about a project that was done in the center of Islamic(CIMEL), and Middle Eastern law and center of human rights protection (INTERIGHTS); and thus to investigate the crimes of "Honor" and violence against women. Crimes of â€Å"Honor† which basically describes how Muslim women are punished for their families or community members because they considered to be dishonored by the victim. The authors of this manuscript also want to investigate how the legal system are linked with the crimes of "Honorâ€Å", and how to combat this probl... ...According to statistics 13% of the women who reported abuse in their homes unfortunately they were killed days after. The journal makes several recommendations to the Governor of Guatemala, such as giving a public condemnation of the murderer and hijackers, procedures of research showing violence, create a database that shows people who have Disappeared, the laws has to be more stringent about the rules against violence of women, Finally, have to be placed rules do not allow women violence. In conclusion I must say that unfortunately the hypothesis was proven with the help of different Journals, and unfortunately governments, regional and society must change the hard rules that dominate women and not allowed them to grow in the society; on the contrary these laws limiting their personal and moral development.

Ethics and Social Responsibilities of Business Essay

The emergence of management as a distinct and identifiable activity in the modern era has had an important impact on the society with which it developed (Massie 1995). Till the early days of the twentieth century, organizations were predominantly concerned with their respective profit-maximizing activities. However, this singular intention of profit maximization of business farms was protested by the social activists during the later half of the 20th century. They pointed out that, since the organizations drive their business from the society, the former must possess some obligations towards the interests and welfare of the later. The concept of business ethics and corporate responsibility gained immense importance after the publication of Bowen’s Social Responsibilities of Businessman in the year 1953. Bowen opines that business corporations should have certain responsibilities towards the society in which it operates. Often business ethics and its social responsibilities are regarded as their â€Å"science of conduct† (McNamara).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ethics is the study of morality and standards of conducts (Fred and Richard, 480). The term ‘ethics’ is, in generally, used to refer to the rules and principles that define right and wrong conduct. The study of ethics is of immense importance in international management because ethical behavior in a particular country may be considered as an unethical practice in other countries. Ethical behavior of business has become an important aspect in today’s corporate environment. Even in the United States, trading scandals, bribes etc. have gained considerable media exposures and have aroused public concern regarding ethical practices in international business management. Corporate business ethics is primarily concerned with honesty, truth and justice and should consider several aspects like the expectations of society, fair competition, public relations, consumer autonomy, social responsibilities, adherence to the rules in the operating country, and so on. An organization should be always responsible in creating an environment that fosters ethical decision-making. Corporate social responsibility is seriously considering the impact of the company’s actions on society. In the views of Andrews, social responsibility means the intelligent and objective concern for the welfare of society that restrains individuals and corporate behavior from ultimately destructive activities, no matter how immediately profitable and signifies the positive contribution to human betterment. Social responsibility contends that the business organizations are responsible to all the interest groups with which it interacts. All the interests groups such as employees, customers, suppliers, government and society should be given importance equal to that of the shareholders of the respective companies. Thus, ethical and social responsibilities signifies that the management should pay attention to the welfare of the workers, consumers’ needs and safety, the interests and rights of creditors, government’s rules, regulations and policies, and the obligations of the organization towards society as a whole. Thus, in other words, â€Å"Corporate social responsibility indicates the management’s commitment towards upholding the interests of direct stakeholders and to behave in an economically and environmentally responsible manner† (Davis and Robert, 1975). Ethical and Social Responsibility of Corporate Organizations Corporate organizations which are concerned about business ethics and corporate social responsibility need to identify various interest groups which may influence the functioning of a firm and which, in turn, may be affected by the firm’s decisions. In fact, business enterprises are primarily responsible for the well being of six major interest groups which are discussed hereunder one by one: Protecting Shareholders’ Interests The most important responsibility of business organizations is to protect the interests of its shareholders. The shareholders provide the core resource – the capital – that enables an organization to operate and grow. They expect the management to use the capital judiciously and operate the business in an efficient way that would ensure a healthy return on their investment, both through dividends and through increase in stock value. Shareholders should be provided with adequate and timely information about the functioning of the organization. Protecting Employees’ Interests Employees are the biggest assets of the organizations. In the early days, managers regarded employees merely as one of the factors of production and denied them the right to obtain an equal distribution of income. But, with the passage of time, the situation has changed in a considerable way. Now, it is absolutely mandatory for the management to protect its employees’ interests. Government laws and regulations have now define the responsibilities of the employer – ensuring equal employment rights for men and women, offering timely pensions and other retirement benefits, and providing and maintaining a secure and healthy working environment. To protect the interests of employees, management must Treat the employees as the basic pillars of the organization. Develop administrative processes that promote cooperation between employers and employees. Foster a harmonious work atmosphere by adopting a progressive labor policy. This includes allowing the participation of workers in management, creating a sense of involvement, and improving the working conditions and living standards of workers. Provide fair wages (not merely the one determined by the market forces of demand and supply) and other financial benefits to workers to keep them motivated. Fair selection, training and promotion based on quality and merit – without any discrimination on the grounds of sex, race, religion, physical appearance and so on. Protecting Customers’ Interests In the recent times, great attention is delivered to the customers. In the age of cut-throat competition, business firms have rightly begun to realize the importance of maintaining a healthy relationship with the consumers. The growth and development of consumerism has compelled the organizations to become more aware of their duties and responsibilities towards the customers. â€Å"The most successful businesses put the customer first, instead of the investors† (Mackey). Business firms should fulfill their obligations to their customers by Charging reasonable prices for their products. Ensuring the provision of standardized and quality goods and services. Ensuring the easy availability of goods and services, so that customers do not have to spend too much time and energy in procuring them. Abstaining from unethical practices like hoarding, profiteering or creating artificial scarcity, misleading advertisement and so on. Refraining from deceiving customers by making false or misleading claims. Protecting Creditors and Suppliers’ Interests All the inputs productions are provided by the creditors and suppliers in the form of raw materials and capital. Hence, the management must take proper care in fulfilling its obligations towards the former. This can be done by: Creating a long-term and healthy business relationship with them. Making prompt payments to creditors and suppliers. Providing them with accurate, relevant and needed information. Protecting Society’s Interest Organizations function within a social system and draw their resources from this system. Therefore, they have certain obligations towards society. The management of business organizations can fulfill their obligations toward society by preserving and enhancing the well-being of the members of society. Management can do so in the following ways: Using its technical expertise to solve local problems. Setting socially desirable standards of living and avoiding unnecessary and wasteful expenditure. Playing an important role in civic affairs. Helping the society in events of national calamity, famine, war, and so on. Providing basic amenities, healthcare and education facilities, thus creating better living conditions. Establishing development programmers for the benefit of economically weaker sections of  the society. Protecting Governments’ Interests In any country, the Government provides the basic requirements for the survival and growth of business organizations. Most of the rules and policies which the government imposes are mainly in the favor of the businesses. Hence, the business, in turn, must have certain obligations to the business: Be law-abiding – respect the rules, procedures and policies of the government Pay all taxes and other dues fully, timely and honestly. Not bribe government employees and officials to obtain favors for the company. Not try to use political influence in its favor for own interests. Advantages and Disadvantages of Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility In the modern era, the expectations of the consumers and the society have immensely changed and, resultantly, modern corporations have become much aware of their ethical and social responsiveness. However, opinions vary from scholars to scholars as to whether business should possess much, at least any, ethical and social responsibilities. Disadvantages The motive of any business is to maximize its profit. However, much ethical values and social responsibilities may act against this objective. Any investment (or loss) incurred by the business as a result of good social or ethical behavior are adjusted by increasing the selling of its products. Hence, â€Å"the motive would be socially less desirable than in the days before when business were concerned with social responsibilities† (Friedman 1970). Business derives immense power through its social involvements and ethical behavior. This power is generally derived from the government or through other political means. This increment in power can lead to corruption and even conflicts with customers, governments and the society as a whole in the subsequent times. Generally, business people lack the required skills to deal with the problems outside the organization. Social responsibility can be an excess burden of duty to them. Advantages Social involvements and strong ethical behavior boost up the image of the business corporations in the eye of the customers. Being socially responsive, business can increase the number of its loyal customers. A favorable public image helps the business to attract more employees, customers and investors. By being socially responsible, business organizations can easily avoid the attention of regulatory agencies and earn government’s trust; resulting in increasing flexibility and independence in their mode of operations. Businesses can increase conservation of natural resources by being socially responsible. For example, Items that were considered as waste before (like empty soft drink cans and plastic bottles) can be recycled and profitably used again. Society and business are equally benefited if a symbiotic relationship exists between the two. Instead of allowing high rate of unemployment leading to social crisis (which may ruin business operations in subsequent periods), businesses can rather be the source of employment in the economy for qualified and eligible people. Conclusion It is beyond any iota of doubt that every civil citizen must possess some moral or ethical values and responsibilities for the society in which he lives. Business organizations, considered as ‘artificial people’, therefore, should have the same values incorporated in it. Obviously, there are certain principles which is directed against this conclusion, but it is a cardinal truth that business corporations must â€Å"behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the workforce and their families as well as of the local community and society at large† (Holme and Watts). References Bowen, H.R. (1953), Social Responsibilities of the Businessman, Harper & Row, New York, NY Corporate Social Responsibility: Evolution of a Definitional Construct: Carroll Business Society.1999, pp. 268-295 Davis, K. and Robert, L. B. Business and Society, Environment and Responsibility, Revised   Edition, Tata McGraw Hill Book Company Inc. New York, 1975 Friedman, M. The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase its Profit, New York   Times Magazine, 13 September, 1970 Kuhn, J.W. Issues and Analysis, Values in a Business Society, Harcourt Brace Jonanovich, New York, 1968 Holme, L and Watts, R. The World Business Council for Sustainable Development,â€Å"Making   Good Business Sense† – http://www.mallenbaker.net/csr/CSRfiles/definition.html Joseph, L. M. Ethical and Environmental Foundations, Essentials of Management, Fourth Edition, Thirteenth Indian Reprint, Prentice-Hall of India, New Delhi, 1995 Mackey, J. (adapted from) Rethinking the Social Responsibilities of Business, October 2005   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.reason.com/news/show/32239.html McNamara, C. Complete Guide to Ethics Management: An Ethics Toolkit for Managers http://www.managementhelp.org/ethics/ethxgde.htm Richard, M.H. and Fred, L. Ethics and Social Responsibilities, International Management, Third Edition, McGraw Hill International Editions, 1997 Stehi, S.P, Dimensions of Corporate Social Performance, An analytical Framework,   California Management Review, Vol. 17, No. 3, 1975, p. 58 – 64 The International Seminar on Social Responsibilities of Business: (as quoted by Mukharji, P.B. Social Responsibilities of Business, p. 9

Business and Administration Hint and Tips Essay

Plagiarism – learners are reminded that plagiarism is not acceptable under any circumstances and that learners who persist on plagiarising work could be removed from the course. If you wish to use other information you have researched beyond the course materials: 1. Make sure it is additional to the Business Administration course material. 2. Make sure it supports/is relevant to your answer. 3. Quote the source. The main thing to remember when constructing each answer is to be as robust as you can. Try to include as much relevant detail from the learning materials as you can. It is very important to use your own words. The following information should be helpful to you. If you have any queries get in touch with your tutor using v-mail. Section 1 Q2. As well as the learning materials the website http://smallbusiness.chron.com/information-technology-business-success-4019.html gives some good information regarding the benefits IT can bring to a business. Section 2 Q1. Why is it important that you know what you are required to research and having a date to have the research completed by? If you didn’t have either of the above what could be the possible outcome? Q2. This question is in three parts which all need to be answered fully. Break your answer down into the areas of research, organising & reporting information. How would you conduct your research? The information you collected how would you organise it? How would you present your findings? Q3a. This question also needs to be answered in three parts. How is information archived? How would you retrieve the information you have archived? If the information is no longer required how is it disposed of? Q3b. Are there any legal requirements that relate to the storing of information? Is there any specific legislation relating to the industry you currently/have worked in? Section 3 Q1. Why is it important that documents are fit for purpose? Think about the structure, the content of the document & what impression will it have or the person reading the document. Q2. Complete all sections of the table. Consider would a business letter be used? When are formal reports used? When would sending an email be appropriate? Section 4 Q1. It is worth considering the 5 P’s for this question proper planning prevents poor performance. Without proper planning how would the document appear? Q2a. Would you be the only person to check a document is correct? Are there tools you can use on a computer to check the spelling & grammar of documents? Q3. Why is it important that personal information does not fall into the wrong people? What could happen to the company if this happens? Q4a: You need to give the different types of documents that can be produced from notes and describe how these documents would look. What information would you expect to find on a letter for example? Q4b: When taking notes to produce a document what things need to be considered? Why are you taking notes? What type of document is to be produced from the notes e.g. business letter, formal report. Is it important that the notes are clear & there is sufficient detail in the notes?

Influence of advertising on me and other people Essays

Influence of advertising on me and other people Essays Influence of advertising on me and other people Essay Influence of advertising on me and other people Essay Advertising today has a lot to do with almost everything in my life and other peoples everyday lives. Anywhere you go you come across some kind of advertisement, whether it is on the billboard, schools, television, public transportation like trains, bus, inside magazine and so on. It surrounds us everyday, everywhere, all the time. It has a large influence on me and most people in the world and should be limited. I believe that advertisement has a great influence on the type of clothes I wear. Televisions and posters show models wearing different clothing. The ads for Calvin Klein, H/M, Levi, Dress man are some of the examples. When models put on this kind of clothes and look good in them, I get the feeling that the clothes must be made good. And I also get another feeling that if I get to consume any of the clothes advertised it look as good on me as they did on the models. Advertising has an influence what other people eat. There are ads for hotdogs, hamburgers, ice cream, beer and the list keeps going. The people at McDonalds and Burger Kings sell all these at a relatively reasonable price which makes everyone longing to eat at these places. Of course, with all this, people forget the negative effects of eating this fast food. Take an example of the Big Mac and fries, the body consumes more calories if u eat it than as one would get if she/he eats pasta and salads. People keep on eating more calories than they need through constant advertising. Advertising in most cases tends to be persuasive and should be limited. It changes ones attitude. Ads like that of lens way saying that take three pay for two force people to buy them even though there was no need. This is creating a want where there is no need which is a waste of resources (money). Many ads aim to entertain the consumers. I think ads should aim at providing product information and convincing consumers, not amusing them. Some people dont buy certain products just because the company doesnt take them seriously. The Nissan ads of the car changing into different animals, well the fastest of the animals can convey the fastest of the car at times but how about the changing? because it quite obvious that a car can never change into anything else more so an animal. There another ad by ford with a monkey in the trunk, the monkey? What do monkeys have to do with cars? These ads make people laugh and feel good about the products but the generally lacks perfect information about the products. With these ads I strong argue that ads should be limited. In conclusion, I would like to say that advertising influences the way everybody lives everywhere all the time. The clothes I wear, and the types of food people eat are all a result of advertising. They tend to be persuasive instead of providing genuine information about the product being sold.

Barracuda Facts

Barracuda Facts The barracuda (Sphyraenidae spp) is sometimes portrayed as an ocean menace, but does it deserve such a reputation? This common fish found in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans as well as the Caribbean and Red seas, has threatening teeth and a habit of approaching swimmers, but its not the danger you might think. Fast Facts: Barracuda Scientific Name: SphyraenidaeCommon Name: BarracudaBasic Animal Group: FishSize: 20 inches to 6 feet or moreWeight: Up to 110 poundsLifespan: Varies by species; giant barracudas live up to 14 yearsSpeed: Up to 35 miles per hourDiet:  CarnivoreHabitat: Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans, Caribbean and Red SeasPopulation: UnknownConservation Status: Not Evaluated Description Even if youre new to  fish identification, youll quickly learn to recognize the barracudas distinctive look. The fish has a long, slender body that is tapered at the ends and thicker in the middle. The head is somewhat flattened on top and pointed in front, and the lower jaw projects forward menacingly. Its two dorsal fins are far apart, and its pectoral fins are positioned low on the body. Most species are dark on top, with silver sides and a clear lateral line that extends from the head to the tail on each side. The barracudas caudal fin is slightly forked ​and curved on the trailing edge. Smaller barracuda species may max out at 20 inches in length, but the larger species can achieve a startling 6 feet or longer in size. Is there anything more unnerving than being approached by a fearless fish with a mouth full of razor-sharp teeth? Barracuda have big mouths, with long jaws and a characteristic under-bite. They also have a lot of teeth. In fact, barracuda have two rows of teeth: an outer row of small but sharp teeth for tearing flesh apart, and an inner row of long, dagger-like teeth to firmly grasp its prey. A few of the barracudas teeth point backward, as an extra aid for securing squirming fish. Smaller fish are mercifully swallowed whole, but larger fish are efficiently chopped to pieces in the hungry barracudas jaws. A barracuda can open its mouth wide enough to snatch just about any fish it encounters, from a tiny killifish to a chunky grouper. Image Source/Getty Images Species The name barracuda doesnt apply to one specific fish, but rather an entire family. The Sphyraenidae is the group of fish known collectively as barracuda. The species most people picture when thinking of a barracuda is probably the great barracuda (Sphyraena barracuda), a commonly encountered fish. But the worlds oceans are full of all kinds of barracuda, including the pickhandle barracuda, the sawtooth barracuda, and the sharpfin barracuda. Some species are named for the area where they are found, like the Guinean barracuda, the Mexican barracuda, the Japanese barracuda, and the European barracuda. Habitat and Range Most species of barracuda live in near-shore habitats, such as seagrass beds, mangroves, and coral reefs. Theyre primarily marine fish, although a few varieties can tolerate brackish water at times. Barracuda inhabit the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans, and are also commonly found in the Caribbean and Red seas. Diet Barracuda have a diverse diet, preferring small tunas, mullets, jacks, grunts, groupers, snappers, killifishes, herrings, and anchovies.  They hunt mainly by sight, scanning the water for signs of prey as they swim. Smaller fish are most visible when they reflect light and often look like shiny metal objects in the water. This, unfortunately, can lead to misunderstandings between barracuda and humans in the water. A swimmer or diver with anything reflective is likely to get an aggressive bump from a curious barracuda. The barracuda isnt interested in you, necessarily. It just wants to sample the object that looks like a shiny, silverfish. Still, its a bit unsettling to have a barracuda come barreling toward you, teeth first, so its best to remove anything reflective before getting in the water. Behavior A barracudas body is shaped like a torpedo and made for cutting through the water. This long, lean, and muscular fish is one of the fastest creatures in the sea, capable of swimming up to 35 mph. Barracuda swim almost as fast as the notoriously speedy mako sharks. Barracuda cant maintain top speed for long distances, however. The barracuda is a sprinter, capable of bursts of speed in pursuit of prey. They spend most of their time swimming slow enough to survey for food, and only accelerate when a meal is within reach; they often swim together in small or large schools. Reproduction and Offspring The timing and location of barracuda spawning are not as yet well-documented, but scientists surmise that mating takes place in deeper, offshore waters and probably in spring. Eggs are released by the female and fertilized by the male in open waters, and then are dispersed by currents.   Newly hatched barracuda larvae settle in shallow, vegetated estuaries, and leave the estuary when they have achieved a length of about 2 inches. They then stay in mangrove and seagrass habitats until they are about one year old.   Great barracuda have a lifespan of at least 14 years, and they typically reach sexual maturity at two years (male) and four years (female).   Fotosearch/Getty Images   Barracudas and Humans Because barracuda are fairly common and inhabit the same waters where people swim and dive, the chance of encountering a barracuda is quite high. But despite their proximity to people in the water, barracuda rarely attack or injure humans. Most bites occur when the barracuda mistakes a metallic object for a fish and attempts to snatch it. The barracuda isnt likely to continue biting once it realizes the object in question isnt food. Barracuda attacks are rare and almost never fatal. Those teeth will do some damage to an arm or leg, though, so victims usually require stitches. While smaller barracuda are generally safe to eat, larger barracuda can be ciguatoxic (poisonous to humans) because they consume larger fish with higher toxin loads. At the bottom of the food chain, toxic plankton known as Gambiendiscus toxicus attaches itself to algae on the coral reef. Small, herbivorous fish feed on the algae and consume the toxin, too. Larger, predatory fish prey on the small fish, and accumulate a higher concentration of the toxin in their bodies. Each successive predator accumulates more toxins. Ciguatera food poisoning is unlikely to kill you, but its not an experience youll enjoy. The biotoxins cause gastrointestinal, neurological, and cardiovascular symptoms that persist for weeks or months. Patients report hallucinations, severe muscle and joint pain, skin irritation, and even a reversal of hot and cold sensations. Unfortunately, theres no way to identify a ciguatoxin barracuda, and neither heat nor freezing can kill the fat-soluble toxins in a contaminated fish. Its best to avoid consuming large barracuda. Sources Family Sphyraenidae – Barracuda. Fishbase.org, 2012.Martin, R. Aidan. Record-Breakers: Hauling Bass. Biology of Sharks and Rays. ReefQuest Center for Shark Research, 2003.Bester, Cathleen. Sphyraena barracuda: Great Barracuda. Florida Museum, University of Florida.Lawley, Richard. Ciguatoxins. Food Safety Watch, January 30, 2013.Olander, Doug. The Perils of Ciguatera: Will your next fresh-caught fish dinner be a toxic time bomb? Sport Fishing Magazine, May 5, 2011.

Pesticides Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Pesticides - Essay Example Pesticides would also ensure that stored food, especially cereals, stay for long periods without any destruction from probable pests. However, the consequence of this is devastating. The chemicals used in the pesticides, though not poisonous to man on instant use, would accumulate in the body, posing risks such as developing such deadly diseases like cancer. Levine (2007) says that pesticides are not harmful to human beings, but excessive use of foods that have elements of the chemicals are harmful to the body. The danger may not be instant, but the negative impact would surely come. Genetically modified foods are equally unsafe. The fact that they increase food productivity notwithstanding, the modification makes them unsafe. This modification interferes with the normal arrangement of the DNA in the food. The body depends on the food we eat for various processes. By taking in food that is genetics modified, chances are that the body might assimilate this manipulated genetics, a fact that can result in a person giving birth in abnormal children. Pesticides and genetically modified foods should completely be